Spuddaccino

One of the kings could still pay the bishop, so still not checkmate.

The official answer is that you cannot promote a pawn to a king, so this situation would never arise. However, this is Anarchy Chess, so let's set that aside.

If this situation did happen, and it is Black's turn, it is not checkmate, because Black's bishop takes the queen. It could not be White's turn, because there is no way to arrive at this board state on Black's turn without one or both kings being in check at the beginning of the turn, and so Black's move would have needed to remove their king from check.

Therefore, this board state is not checkmate.

For union dues, I'll sometimes bring up strikes. People know that when unions strike, they aren't working, and when they aren't working, they aren't getting paid. What they don't realize is that most unions pay the employees during strikes, and that money has to come from somewhere.

This is a terrible position to take. Anyone can be educated.

The thing is, nobody likes being flat-out told they're wrong, and with the way arguments on the internet go, that's all that will ever happen.

Most of my friends are heavily conservative, but I've learned how to have productive conversations with them about issues, and it's almost always "This is how it benefits you if it were different."

It's difficult sometimes, but it's worth doing, and it's important to understand that the guy you're talking to isn't the enemy. He's just another dude.

"Sunwise", and for the exact same reason.

Clocks go clockwise because their predecessors did. What were their predecessors?

Sundials.

How does the shadow go around a sundial? Well, sunwise, of course.

Counterclockwise, as said in another comment, was "widdershins", from a Middle Low German phrase meaning "against the way".

This is solvable.

First: don't tie transformations to the moon cycle. Every night they roll a Wisdom save, and the DC increases each time they succeed. If they fail, they're a bear/wolf/whatever and go around being a jerk that night. They still have a sense of when their time is coming up, but not exactly when, and they also don't pester you asking about the moon every night. Transforming in town is Bad News, no matter how nice a bear you are, and this means you can never really be sure you won't.

Second: enemies aren't stupid. If their weapons aren't working on this guy, get him out of the fight some other way while we go punch his friends. He'll get real annoyed that enemies just keep using crowd control on him, and his friends will get annoyed that they're getting creamed because damage isn't being spread out as far.

These two things together means that there are real consequences for not seeking a cure for both the characters and the players driving them.