Lemmchen

I have eight identical drives connected to an ~~LSI 9207-8i~~ ASRock X470 Taichi Ultimate mainboard.

They're currently all running badblocks -b 8192 -c 2048 -p 0 -s -t 0 -v -w /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WUH722424ALE6L4_[XXXXXXXX] each.

While sda and sdb achieve almost 300MB/s, sdg and sdh struggle to even get to 200MB/s. That's a 50% difference!

All of my drives are recognized as SATA3, confirmed by smartctl -a /dev/sd[a-h] | grep SATA showing SATA Version is: SATA 3.5, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)

There's no CPU bottleneck either AFAICT:

Any idea what could be the issue of that? Is such a dramatic speed difference to be expected of Ultrastar drives?
Are these drives just bad?

Edit: Mainboard configuration:

Edit2: Okay, apparently the ASM1061 which provides the two extra SATA3 ports is connected to the CPU via a single PCIe 2.0 x1 lane, which provides only 4gbps (=500MB/s) of raw throughput.
I think I have found the culprit and the problem should disappear once I connect the drives to my LSI 9207-8i HBA card.

cross-posted from: https://feddit.org/post/30198502

System:

Debian 13 KDE (actually MX Linux, but doesn't seem to matter)  
Wayland (xwayland installed as well)  
Docker 29.5.2

Dockerfile:

FROM debian:trixie

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
ENV LANGUAGE=en_US:en
ENV LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

# Set locale
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        locales && \
    apt-get clean && \
    sed -i '/en_US.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen && \
    locale-gen

# Install Wayland-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus \
        libwayland-client0 \
        libwayland-egl1 && \
    apt-get clean

# Install X-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus-x11 && \
    apt-get clean

# Add contrib, default is only main
RUN sed -i 's/^Components:.*/Components: main contrib/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

# Add 32-bit arch for Steam libraries
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386

# Install Steam
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        steam-installer \
        pciutils && \
    apt-get clean

# Additional
# TODO: What is really needed?
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        vulkan-tools \
        mesa-utils \
        x11-xserver-utils \
        libvulkan1 \
        mesa-vulkan-drivers && \
    apt-get clean

# TODO: Does `-storebeta` even work?
# https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Command_line_options_(Steam)
CMD ["/usr/games/steam", "-storebeta"]

To run the container:

xhost +
sudo docker run -it --name steam \
    -e XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR \
    -e WAYLAND_DISPLAY=$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -v $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY:$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    --privileged steam:trixie

(The --privileged part is only temporary until I found out which capabilities are actually needed. Please don't run your containers with --privileged.)

I get the GUI dialogs to download Steam just fine, so at least some display forwarding is working:

The installation works fine, but when starting Steam it seems like it's not able to find Vulkan devices and then doesn't open any Steam window. (The container is not stopping and I'm seeing repeated ./steamwebhelper output after this.)

[...]
Running query: 1 - GpuTopology
CVulkanTopology: failed create vulkan instance: -9
CVulkanTopology: failed to create vulkan instanceFailed to query vulkan gpu topology

Failed to query vulkan gpu topology
Response: 
Exit code: -2
[...]
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_surface'.
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_xlib_surface'.
BInit - Unable to initialize Vulkan!
[...]

However, Vulkan is clearly working fine in the container, as this commands displays the cube rendering just fine:

$ sudo docker exec -it steam vkcube
Selected WSI platform: xcb
Selected GPU 0: AMD Radeon RX 550 / 550 Series (RADV POLARIS12), type: DiscreteGpu

(I've also tried it on another (pure) Debian machine with a 2080Ti, but I've got the same issue.)

I've created other GUI containers in the past (Firefox for example) and didn't have these problems.

Does anybody have an idea and can point me in the right direction?

cross-posted from: https://feddit.org/post/30198502

System:

Debian 13 KDE (actually MX Linux, but doesn't seem to matter)  
Wayland (xwayland installed as well)  
Docker 29.5.2

Dockerfile:

FROM debian:trixie

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
ENV LANGUAGE=en_US:en
ENV LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

# Set locale
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        locales && \
    apt-get clean && \
    sed -i '/en_US.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen && \
    locale-gen

# Install Wayland-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus \
        libwayland-client0 \
        libwayland-egl1 && \
    apt-get clean

# Install X-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus-x11 && \
    apt-get clean

# Add contrib, default is only main
RUN sed -i 's/^Components:.*/Components: main contrib/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

# Add 32-bit arch for Steam libraries
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386

# Install Steam
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        steam-installer \
        pciutils && \
    apt-get clean

# Additional
# TODO: What is really needed?
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        vulkan-tools \
        mesa-utils \
        x11-xserver-utils \
        libvulkan1 \
        mesa-vulkan-drivers && \
    apt-get clean

# TODO: Does `-storebeta` even work?
# https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Command_line_options_(Steam)
CMD ["/usr/games/steam", "-storebeta"]

To run the container:

xhost +
sudo docker run -it --name steam \
    -e XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR \
    -e WAYLAND_DISPLAY=$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -v $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY:$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    --privileged steam:trixie

(The --privileged part is only temporary until I found out which capabilities are actually needed. Please don't run your containers with --privileged.)

I get the GUI dialogs to download Steam just fine, so at least some display forwarding is working:

The installation works fine, but when starting Steam it seems like it's not able to find Vulkan devices and then doesn't open any Steam window. (The container is not stopping and I'm seeing repeated ./steamwebhelper output after this.)

[...]
Running query: 1 - GpuTopology
CVulkanTopology: failed create vulkan instance: -9
CVulkanTopology: failed to create vulkan instanceFailed to query vulkan gpu topology

Failed to query vulkan gpu topology
Response: 
Exit code: -2
[...]
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_surface'.
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_xlib_surface'.
BInit - Unable to initialize Vulkan!
[...]

However, Vulkan is clearly working fine in the container, as this commands displays the cube rendering just fine:

$ sudo docker exec -it steam vkcube
Selected WSI platform: xcb
Selected GPU 0: AMD Radeon RX 550 / 550 Series (RADV POLARIS12), type: DiscreteGpu

(I've also tried it on another (pure) Debian machine with a 2080Ti, but I've got the same issue.)

I've created other GUI containers in the past (Firefox for example) and didn't have these problems.

Does anybody have an idea and can point me in the right direction?

System:

Debian 13 KDE (actually MX Linux, but doesn't seem to matter)  
Wayland (xwayland installed as well)  
Docker 29.5.2

Dockerfile:

FROM debian:trixie

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
ENV LANGUAGE=en_US:en
ENV LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

# Set locale
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        locales && \
    apt-get clean && \
    sed -i '/en_US.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen && \
    locale-gen

# Install Wayland-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus \
        libwayland-client0 \
        libwayland-egl1 && \
    apt-get clean

# Install X-specific packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        dbus-x11 && \
    apt-get clean

# Add contrib, default is only main
RUN sed -i 's/^Components:.*/Components: main contrib/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

# Add 32-bit arch for Steam libraries
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386

# Install Steam
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        steam-installer \
        pciutils && \
    apt-get clean

# Additional
# TODO: What is really needed?
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        vulkan-tools \
        mesa-utils \
        x11-xserver-utils \
        libvulkan1 \
        mesa-vulkan-drivers && \
    apt-get clean

# TODO: Does `-storebeta` even work?
# https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Command_line_options_(Steam)
CMD ["/usr/games/steam", "-storebeta"]

To run the container:

xhost +
sudo docker run -it --name steam \
    -e XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR \
    -e WAYLAND_DISPLAY=$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -v $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY:$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    --privileged steam:trixie

(The --privileged part is only temporary until I found out which capabilities are actually needed. Please don't run your containers with --privileged.)

I get the GUI dialogs to download Steam just fine, so at least some display forwarding is working:

The installation works fine, but when starting Steam it seems like it's not able to find Vulkan devices and then doesn't open any Steam window. (The container is not stopping and I'm seeing repeated ./steamwebhelper output after this.)

[...]
Running query: 1 - GpuTopology
CVulkanTopology: failed create vulkan instance: -9
CVulkanTopology: failed to create vulkan instanceFailed to query vulkan gpu topology

Failed to query vulkan gpu topology
Response: 
Exit code: -2
[...]
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_surface'.
Vulkan missing requested extension 'VK_KHR_xlib_surface'.
BInit - Unable to initialize Vulkan!
[...]

However, Vulkan is clearly working fine in the container, as this commands displays the cube rendering just fine:

$ sudo docker exec -it steam vkcube
Selected WSI platform: xcb
Selected GPU 0: AMD Radeon RX 550 / 550 Series (RADV POLARIS12), type: DiscreteGpu

(I've also tried it on another (pure) Debian machine with a 2080Ti, but I've got the same issue.)

I've created other GUI containers in the past (Firefox for example) and didn't have these problems.

Does anybody have an idea and can point me in the right direction?

https://github.com/9p4/jellyfin-plugin-sso

This repository was archived by the owner on May 12, 2026. It is now read-only.

Project archived because I'm tired of working on this after all the years.

Debian 13:

$ uname -r
6.12.88+deb13-amd64

$ snap debug sandbox-features|grep confinement
confinement-options:  classic devmode

$ snap debug confinement
partial

$ aa-enabled
Yes

Ubuntu (24.04):

$ uname -r
6.8.0-117-generic

$ snap debug sandbox-features|grep confinement
confinement-options:  classic devmode strict

$ snap debug confinement
strict

$ aa-enabled
Yes

What does this mean, you ask? Well, basically every Snap package you thought was running isolated in it's own little sandbox were running unconfined the whole time. The prorpietary app you removed the :home connection from, so it wouldn't be able to access your home directory? Well, it could have exfiltrated all our private files in the meantime.

How is this not a bigger deal and how are Snaps ever to become mainstream when even today, more than 10 years after the introduction of snaps, you can't run them sandboxed on a huge portion of Linux distros?