this post was submitted on 17 May 2025
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Anarchism and Social Ecology

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Anarchism is a social and political theory and practice that works for a free society without domination and hierarchy.

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Social Ecology, developed from green anarchism, is the idea that our ecological problems have their ultimate roots in our social problems. This is because the domination of nature and our ecology by humanity has its ultimate roots in the domination humanity by humans. Therefore, the solutions to our ecological problems are found by addressing our social and ecological problems simultaneously.

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is one of the most common responses I get when I talk to people (usually liberals) about horizontal power structures. It comes down to some version of "Well, that sounds nice, but what about the bad actors?" I think the logic that follows from that fact is backwards. The standard response to this issue is to build vertical power structures. To appoint a ruling class that can supposedly "manage" the bad actors. But this ignores the obvious: vertical power structures are magnets for narcissists. They don’t neutralize those people. They empower them. They give them legitimacy and insulation from consequences. They concentrate power precisely where it’s most dangerous. Horizontal societies have always had ways of handling antisocial behavior. (Highly recommend Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior by Christopher Boehm. He studied hundreds of forager societies, overall done amazing work.) Exile, public shaming, revocable leadership, and distributed decision-making all worked and often worked better than what we do now. Pre-civilized societies didn’t let power-hungry individuals take over. They stopped them. We used to know how to deal with bad actors. The idea of a "power vacuum" only makes sense if you believe power must be held at the top. If you diffuse power horizontally, there is no vacuum to fill. There’s just shared responsibility. That may feel unfamiliar, but it’s not impossible. We’ve done it before. Most of human history was built on it. The real question isn't whether bad actors exist. It's how we choose to deal with them. Do we build systems that make it harder for them to dominate others, or ones that practically roll out the red carpet? I think this opens up a more useful conversation.

What if we started seriously discussing tactics for dealing with domination-seeking behavior?

What mechanisms help us identify and isolate that kind of behavior without reproducing the same old coercive structures?

How do we build systems that are resilient to sabotage without falling into authoritarian logic?

I’d love to hear your guys’ thoughts.

Edit: It seems as though the conversation has diverted in this comment section. That's alright, I'll clarify.

This thread was meant to be about learning how to detect domination-seek behavior and repelling narcissists. This was meant to be a discussion on how anarchism works socially in order to circumvent individuals from sabotaging or otherwise seeking to consolidate power for themselves.

It was not meant as a discussion on if anarchism works. There is plenty of research out on the internet that shows anarchism has the potential to work. Of course, arguing a case for or against anarchism should be allowed, however that drifts away from what I initially wanted to get at in this thread. It's always good to hear some "what ifs", but if it completely misses the main point then it derails the discussion and makes it harder for folks who are engaging with the core idea.

So to reiterate: this isn’t a debate about whether anarchism is valid. It’s a focused conversation about the internal dynamics of anarchist spaces, and how we can build practices and awareness that make those spaces resilient against narcissistic or coercive tendencies.

Thanks to everyone who’s contributed in good faith so far -- let’s keep it on track.

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[–] ExtremeDullard@lemmy.sdf.org 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

Yep. Exactly like communism: it would be a brilliant idea if people weren't human beings.

[–] lugal@lemmy.dbzer0.com 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Anarchism and anthropology go well together because anthropologists know that a society without a state is possible because so many exist.

David Graeber

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[–] poVoq@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

That can be said about anything really. Except that anarchist explicitly recognise that and try to put up measures to prevent individual people to do too much damage, which is not something that can be said about our current system nor the (formerly) existing socialist states.

[–] Forester@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago (4 children)

Personally this is why I'm a libertarian minarchist and not an anarchist. Ultimately, I do feel that there will always be people working against the collective effort of the betterment of society and instead of long term community progress they favor short-term personal gains. Having a minimal cooperative-based government that is allowed to hold a monopoly on violence is preferable to vigilanteism. The issue is who watches the watchers.

[–] scintilla@lemm.ee 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Do you have anywhere to do further reading?

[–] Forester@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

I would advise you to read. John Locke's political treaties as well as David Henry Thoreaus essays

[–] scintilla@lemm.ee 0 points 1 year ago

Thank you. I'll check them out. I've read a small amount of locke's work but definitely need to read more of it.

[–] NocturnalMorning@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

You're making the exact same argument OP is talking about.

[–] Forester@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Yes but op's decision is that because bad people could take positions of power. There should be no positions of power which doesn't correct the original issue. Op stated that bad people will do bad things and abuse other people. So we can let those bad people run amok or we can make an effort to police their actions which will ultimately give some of those bad people and additional level of power.

[–] the_abecedarian@piefed.social 0 points 1 year ago

Anarchists can have means of governing themselves -- it's not a big free-for all. The point is that there is no central hierarchy. For example, an anarchist collective could decide (via whatever method, that's a separate convo) that each community member gets to use a piece of equipment one week per year, or that the community as a whole will operate that equipment to satisfy the needs of people in a mutually-decided order. They could also decide that the 20 electrical engineers among them should as a group have operational control on a day-to-day basis of the power generating infrastructure, but only as long as they operate it according to the expressed needs of the community, in the community's interest, in a safe way.

None of that would be hierarchy or domination, as long as the underlying decision making process was democratic.

[–] banan67@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago

I personally don't think I'm very much in favor of a nightwatch state. I have to admit though, I'm not much learned in the field of "minarchism." I still strongly believe any centralized power is in danger of corruption.

[–] DarkCloud@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

Even with hierarchies of mutual aid, you end up with different tasks allocated to different people. Oh joel does bin duty because it's easiest for him for x y z reasons. Okay, Joel becomes bin guy. May even get stuck in that role. Ect ect... Eventually taken for granted. An unintentional hierarchy appears from horizontal power structures.

By the way, dandies were usually children of wealth, and their outfits went on to become some of the first business suits.

[–] the_abecedarian@piefed.social 0 points 1 year ago

It's tough to do anti-hierarchical practices in a hierarchical world! I've seen organizations have rotating roles that make sure people don't get stuck.

[–] stray@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Does Joel dislike being the bin guy? He could just stop doing it.

Is Joel doing a shitty job with the bins? Anyone could start doing it, even if he protests.

I don't see the problem.

[–] DarkCloud@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Joel is the kind of anarchist who thinks he has a right to do a shitty job in protest, says they're just bins. No one else wants the job. Joel says he'll keep doing it out of an uncomfortable feeling of obligation. Sometimes at the Friday night drinking session, others make fun of him and he plays along enough to not cause a scene but it's really upsetting him.

[–] stray@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago

They should all grow the fuck up. I don't have a lot of sympathy for people who would rather play passive-aggressive games than sort the situation.

I'm not sure how this relates to the practical functionality of anarchy. How is the bin situation bettered under a governmental system?

[–] the_abecedarian@piefed.social 0 points 1 year ago

Yup! Humans being imperfect is an argument against hierarchical power structures. How can we keep a few narcissists, bad actors, or even well-meaning but mistaken folks from causing bad outcomes for society? By getting rid of their ability to wield power. If you believe that power corrupts, then the answer to that is to distribute it so evenly and thinly that no one can accumulate institutional power. That's why bottom-up decision making methods are better than top-down ones.

Unfortunately, lots of hierarchical systems are built into the fabric of our societies. Capitalism is a big one. Private property is an even more foundational one. Various kinds of bigotry rest on those systems. The authoritarian state will take whatever excuse it can (religious justifications, property-protection justifications, enemies-at-the-gates justifications, etc) to exercise power over society. So our struggle should ultimately be aimed at those things.

Finding ways to (1) give people the time, material security, and consciousness to organize together to change their lives for the better (tenant unions, labor unions, community-run non-police safety programs, etc); (2) decommodify essentials like food, shelter, clothing, etc; and (3) help populations learn to govern themselves at the local level and federate with others; would all go a very long way.

Look for lessons from existing and recent struggles. Anarchist Spain, the Zapatistas, and others have much to teach us.

[–] darthelmet@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Yeah. That's always been such a strange contradiction in their beliefs. "People can't be trusted with power, so that's why we need a system that empowers the absolute worst people!" Setting aside how wrong that belief is, the conclusion doesn't even logically follow from the incorrect "fact."

As for how we handle things in the future... idk. You're right that people have methods of socially dealing with bad behavior, but I also wonder if we can reliably transplant the experiences of pre-industrial societies into our modern world. As technology progresses, it becomes easier and easier for smaller and smaller groups of people to inflict harm on others. In the past, if you wanted to go fight a war you needed to convince a whole army's worth of people to go risk their lives and hurt others. Now? A handful of people in an air conditioned room can level a building on the other side of the world without ever getting up out of their chairs thanks to drones. Not only do you need to convince fewer people, they're also more isolated from both the risk and horror of their actions, so it's easier to convince them.

I don't think it's that plausible to deal with those kinds of problems through social pressure alone. What to do about it? Idk.

[–] banan67@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

No yea, you're obviously right. We can't just take forager social praxis and use it in our society, but we can absolutely learn from them. You have to understand that social pressure goes a lot further than just ostracizing an individual. Humans need eachother, more often than not. We feed eachother, fix eachothers plumbing, teach each-others children how to garden, how to fix stuff. Let's say there is a group of individuals causing destruction (using drones). Well we've acknowledged they're doing terrible shit, so we stop helping them and we make it clear to the rest of the community what these people are doing. In extreme cases we'd have to deal with the situation violently, but it's equally as important to recognize that when we're talking about bad actors in general, we're talking about bad actors in all of its spectrum. From pickpockets, to murders. And I think for each case there is a solution.

[–] SwingingTheLamp@midwest.social 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

The question that comes to my mind is, "Who's 'we', Kimosabe?" (It's the punchline of a joke.)

In the drone example, half of the community acknowledges that the operators are doing terrible shit. The other half of the community things it's fantastic. What then? The half that deplores the killing isn't likely to do much about it, because the killing is happening to somebody else on the other side of the world. If they try to stop it violently, the killing will start happening to them.

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[–] Forester@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

I'm not saying that they can't. However, I think your definition of centralization and mine must vary. Appointing a committee in my book is centralization and thus minarchism.

[–] JustJack23@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago

That is very interesting, what alternative do you propose?

[–] Five@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

'Minarchism' in my book is a term invented by fascist and capitalist entryists, and people who use it to gatekeep anarchism should be on the other side of the gate.

They don't need to be 'appointed' by a king or politician in order to exist. Committees are one of the essential organs of actual right-now functioning real-life working large-scale anarchist groups. When done well, they include the voices of all of the significant stakeholders in a decision, and efficiently discover solutions that achieve the goal while respecting the autonomy and interests of all of the participants.

Don't @ me, but definitely reply to @JustJack23@slrpnk.net with the disemboweled anarchism you propose as an alternative.

[–] Forester@pawb.social 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

I think you should slow down and critically read the words that I wrote. You should probably also read into natural philosophy.

I have no problem with the no Gods no Kings no Masters point of view. I would count a committee as a master. I guess we're my worldview and your splits is you seem to think that the committee can do no wrong.

[–] JustJack23@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago

Even if a committee is temporary, based on solving a problem and with perfect representation of the underlying community? (Hypothetically of course)

How is that a masters? Also I would love to hear what better solution do you propose?

[–] NaibofTabr@infosec.pub 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Might makes right is always the problem, whether you're talking about anarchy, or hierarchy, or some kind of distributed system - some actor will use force to inflict harm for their own benefit (in contrast to inflicting harm to defend others). I believe the study of human history tells us that this always happens, it is not preventable. So the question becomes, how do we build systems that can protect people from harm without concentrating power that may itself be abused?

  • Expecting everyone to protect themselves is not a viable option. That way lies barbarism, where the weak are left to perish.
  • I'm very open to ideas about resisting force with something other than equivalent force, but I'm not sure what that would actually look like in practice. What do you do when the bandits show up in town and start shooting and looting, other than shoot back?

If you diffuse power horizontally, there is no vacuum to fill. There’s just shared responsibility.

I'll just point out, this was the original concept behind the US Constitution. Whether it's worked as intended is... debatable.

[–] within_epsilon@beehaw.org 0 points 1 year ago

We keep us safe. Defense against bad actors is everyone's resposibility. The kid who runs off with the ball doesn't get invited to play anymore. I don't know where the idea anarchists are pascifist comes from, but the answer is shoot back. No Gods, no masters.

[–] banan67@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

I’ll just point out, this was the original concept behind the US Constitution. Whether it’s worked as intended is… debatable.

A quick note on the U.S. Constitution: it’s sometimes framed as an attempt to diffuse power horizontally, but that’s not really accurate. The U.S. already had a decentralized system at the time, the Articles of Confederation. And the Constitution was created explicitly to centralize federal power in response to elite fears of uprisings like Shays’ Rebellion. It didn’t introduce shared responsibility; it replaced a fragile form of it with a much stronger central government.

So while it may have used the language of distributed power (checks and balances, separation of powers, etc.), it wasn’t about horizontalism in the sense that I meant. It was about stabilizing and legitimizing state authority which is a very different project.

Regarding your question: What would we do when bandits show up in a town and start shooting and looting, other than shoot back?

...Realistically, I don't believe we wouldn't shoot back. But in my eyes that's already an extreme case of power concentrating, which I firmly believe is preventable before it even occurs. When violence does erupt, collective defense is necessary. But the difference is whether we wait until that crisis point (where power has already centralized in dangerous hands) or whether we create resilient, horizontal networks that make it far harder for any one group or individual to monopolize force and exploit others.

So yes, we defend ourselves when necessary, but the real work is done long before the shooting starts.

Edit: The goal is to build social systems that reduce the conditions enabling those “bandits” to emerge in the first place. Through strong community bonds, mutual aid, shared responsibility, and mechanisms for accountability that keep narcissistic or violent individuals from gaining influence or forming armed factions.

[–] zero_spelled_with_an_ecks@programming.dev 0 points 1 year ago (8 children)

How do horizontal power structures handle problems of global scale? The COVID pandemic and how people behaved and created consequences for others comes to mind. I'm not sure if any of the tactics you mention would work. You can't shame people who think they're doing the right thing, can't exile them without a power structure that can use force on them, they have no leadership to revoke, and I'm not sure how distributed decision making would apply.

Another idea on that scale might be best exemplified by climate change (or pfas etc). Do horizontal power structures mean most people could ignore how they're impacting others negatively? If not, how would that be handled on a global scale?

If anybody is going to answer, I'd appreciate it greatly if the answer did not compare how much worse vertical systems are for these problems. If you can give me a novel idea about this, I'd appreciate it.

[–] wolfyvegan@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

I don't deny that these are difficult problems, and I won't attempt to address everything that you mention, but "can’t exile them without a power structure that can use force on them" isn't true. The use of force doesn't require any sort of formal vertical power structure. Problems of global scale are just combinations of many individual actions at the local scale, and at the local scale, if someone is committing violence or endangering others, all it takes is a few concerned people to team up and remove them using whatever force needed. Firearms help, but even those are not strictly necessary. If such problems are addressed quickly enough at the local level, then they are less likely to scale up to the global level in any organised way. If many people are already committing violence together on a larger scale, then removing them becomes a matter of tribal warfare or genocide. Ugly, and not something that I recommend, but far from impossible, as history has shown.

Firearms help

Firearms allow an individual to commit mass murder before a a bunch of good guys are even aware of it. There's a bunch of ways individuals can have way more destructive power than is reasonable. I'm not saying a vertical power structure is required, just that I still don't see how a horizontal one can deal with destructive individuals or provide safety without most people being willing to kill other humans, maintain the many skills that would require, and have a mindset where being constantly vigilant doesn't cause some sort of mental issues. If it's just a problem that's doesn't currently have a solution, that's fine. I tend to agree with Nozick that it just creates competing and escalating defense groups until one comes out on top. And if we're going to agree that humans are bad enough to avoid providing them with vertical power structures, we absolutely cannot wave away that people would behave any better under any other system.

Maybe we're using different definitions of exile. As I know it, in means physically kicking them out of an area and its social structure. I can imagine heavy resistance to that. If it's just cutting somebody off from systems, I really don't see the difference between killing somebody with violence vs starving them or similar. If it's just ostracizing them, I don't see how a social punishment is a deterrent to antisocial behavior.

As for global problems just requiring concerned individuals to use force, I can't imagine a few individuals forcing the whole world off fossil fuels, for example.

[–] banan67@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

Oh, I didn't try to shame anyone. Apologies if it looked like it. To answer your question:

Do horizontal power structures mean most people could ignore how they’re impacting others negatively? If not, how would that be handled on a global scale?

My answer to that would be: In order for horizontal power, we need to radically rethink how people are connected to each other in the first place. The root issue here isn't that decentralized systems can't coordinate, it's that they require a different kind of infrastructure to do it. In a pandemic scenario, that could look like local health councils making decisions based on conditions on the ground, real-time, open data-sharing across regions, resource pooling to get masks, meds, or food where they’re needed and ideally cultural norm of collective care (not just individual freedom).

On the climate front, it's obviously more complex, but the same principles apply. If people are embedded in local systems of stewardship where the land and water is shared and monitored by the people who depend on them, you're much more likely to see sustainable behavior. And if those communities are networked across bioregions, then broader ecological decisions can be coordinated without a single coercive authority calling the shots.

I’m not saying any of this is easy, especially from where we are now. But I don’t think we need to scale control to meet global crises. I think we need to scale cooperation and that’s where horizontal system actually have a chance to shine.

[–] zero_spelled_with_an_ecks@programming.dev 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

I understand it would take radically different structures, but in the pandemic example, what happens when the next local group decides to not participate in mutual care? Could it still work without magically making humans better than they are?

[–] tetrislife@leminal.space 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

I believe most people aren't bad actors. But also, most people can see what is good for them. And cooperatives prove that people can run with it to their advantage.

David Graeber made a very good point that the concept of money is only necessary for war. Take money out of the equation and the next local group will have to stretch to avoid mutual care.

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[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

in the pandemic example, what happens when the next local group decides to not participate in mutual care?

Some entire countries essentially did that. They responded carelessly and slow, and experienced harsher consequences as a result. Nobody can stop a group of people from getting themselves hurt. Sure, one can try to help them once they are hurt, if some resources remain available for that.

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[–] LibertyLizard@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Do you feel current systems of governance are handling these global collective action problems well? Because I do not. I think they’re just very difficult and thorny problems that we’ll always have to wrestle with.

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[–] nublug@lemmy.blahaj.zone 0 points 1 year ago

not gonna get fully into the weeds here but 'have no leadership to revoke' is an odd point to try and make when the covid disinfo campaign absolutely had leadership.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

If you can give me a novel idea about this, I’d appreciate it.

Change the select few decisionmakers regularly. With dice, not an expensive and polarizing campaign followed by elections. (Note: creates incentive to educate everyone well, since they could be chosen at random.)

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[–] NocturnalMorning@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago

I would love to live in a society that is set up this way. I saw a recent study about inequality challenging the conventional wisdom that it is inevitable, here on lemmy actually. Dunno if thats one of the reasons for this post. But I certainly think its worth asking is the way we do things now the best way? Probably not, just because we do stuff the way we do now doesn't mean it must be done that way. I personally am in favor of governments where the responsibility is given to small groups of people who rotate into positions for some length of time. It would just be randomly chosen people from society at large. It's been done in the past, and it seems like a great way to keep a small group from concentrating power and misusing it. Also makes it so ordinary people are making the decisions, so less likely to make malaligned choices that are bad for the rest of society. Whether that is a flat structure, or a vertical structure is certainly up for debate.

[–] jonuno@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago

There's also always people willing to fix it for others too

[–] Commiunism@beehaw.org 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

To preface, I'm a Marxist and not an Anarchist, our frameworks differ substantially.

I agree that "but what about bad actors" criticism is quite bad, but for different reasons. They don't "spawn in" out of nowhere and ruin systems, the opposite is the case - it's the system that produces them through inequalities, ideology and reward mechanisms. Capitalism rewards antisocial, domineering behavior because competition, capital and power accumulation demands it in order to "be successful". This is something inherent to the system and its structures, not something you can fix simply by moral policing, so focusing just on the individual is a mistake.

The vertical power structures like the state aren't there merely for individual power hoarding, but rather it's a structure of class domination - the bourgeoisie control over proletariat. Enforcement and protection of private property (such as factories/company offices/other means of production), legal systems controlling who gets into power and what they can change, education and media promoting the status quo are but a few examples of this. The state isn't merely there to preserve itself, it's there to preserve the capitalist system.

[–] Commiunism@beehaw.org 0 points 1 year ago (1 children)

To touch up on some of your questions you have at the bottom, and be warned that this will be somewhat anti-anarchistic:

After a successful revolution, bourgeoisie fall and people cheer in the streets. What now, do we go full horizontal hierarchy mode and decentralize? The truth of the matter is that post-revolutionary period is incredibly volatile (as seen by the fact that most revolutions happened in cascades) and faces a multitude of immediate issues, such as: 1. The previous ruling class trying to get themselves back into power again via counter-revolution or armed uprisings using their resources and connections, be it foreign or internal. 2. The need to overcome capitalist commodity production and reorganize it into planned production to satisfy human and economic needs (aka socialist mode of production). 3. Defense against foreign capitalist threats who would love to get more land/resources or major political influence via coup. 4. The need to spread the revolution internationally, as a country that doesn’t operate under capitalist mode of production simply cannot survive in a global capitalist world (can elaborate on this if anyone cares, don’t want this wall of text to be too long).

Decentralized horizontal systems are quite detrimental when it comes to solving these immediate issues - it fragments authority, decision making, delays responses to armed insurrections, foreign invasions and production reorganization. You need quick, decisive action during a revolutionary period or collapse follows even before “bad actors” become a problem.

The working class must seize state power - whether through a vanguard party, council republic, or equivalent to suppress the bourgeoisie, defend the revolution, and transition from capitalist commodity production towards planned economies to satisfy needs. Of course, the state must fulfill the immediate goals to no longer become necessary and for the state to wither away in a timely manner - else, and I agree with Anarchists here, the revolution will degenerate (into red bourgeois states) usually with the help of ‘bad actors’, as seen with USSR and China.

Also as a short addendum, comparing societies of today to primitive egalitarian horizontal societies is an error - these societies operated under radically different productive forces, population scales and social complexity, production was localized and individualistic. Today’s production is inherently social, large-scale and global, requiring entirely different forms of coordination and past forms simply cannot be revived or even be compared.

[–] JustJack23@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Very good and complete answer as usually, that said this is one of my main problems with left ideologies that think hierarchies are necessary even for a limited time, the people in power like to stay it power. As the saying goes:

Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.

I have strong doubts that the people in charge will just give up power once it comes to that, and sadly most experiments with communism/socialism (in Eurasian at least) lead exactly to that.

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[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

It comes down to some version of “Well, that sounds nice, but what about the bad actors?”

I have encountered the same. One avenue of argumentation that typically follows is "but we needs cops because there's crime" -> "crime can be reduced with social policy, without cops" -> "but never to zero" -> "but cop duties needn't be a person's career".

Next comes politics. The political system where I live is a parliamentary republic with proportional elections. Compared to volatile cases (e.g. presidential two-party system) it is fairly slow. Risk of takeover by a bad actor is not perceived as high. Anarchist critique fails to get attention.

I have also encountered the argument: "if we decentralize, we [insert national indentity] step too far down the organizational ladder [of ability to mobilize resources fast], and become possible to conquer". People perceive that a stateless area or low-intensity state would be an invitation for the nearest highly invasive state. They also fear that change would cause weakness, which would be exploited. Thus, a foreign state becomes a justification for the local state. Sadly I must admit that the reasoning is not without merit.

My responses have typically been:

  • leaders wanting to return to power are a problem for democracy

  • playing voter groups against each other causes long-term problems (degrades cooperation)

  • electoral democracy inherently favours wealthy individuals (campaign expenses)

  • decentralization protects against takeover and decapitation strike

  • authoritarian takeover of local state has happened already once, with tragic results

  • party politicans have for decades failed to enact simple, popular measures (e.g. progressive income tax)

My suggestion to a statist person typically ends up being "at least, try sortition". Which is laughably hard, since it would require a rewrite of the constitution, and parties agreeing to a measure that pushes them into history books. :)

I can convincingly argue that sortition reduces the sway that elites hold over policy, and makes equalizing policy measures easier to pass. But it keeps the number of politicians small and leaves the door open for acting fast (e.g. in case of military threat).

Meanwhile, I would appreciate if mainstreamers left anarchists on their own to experiment with more. Especially in the economy.

P.S. Ultimately, I fear that anarchist society can be only planted on the ruins of a state. The niche must have been emptied by a catastrophic event (and it's ethically wrong to cause one). However, it's not wrong to do what's right when others have done wrong. One should know that catastrophic events increase people's desire to have stability and order. So there must be a type of anarchy that can quickly deliver freedom + equality + stability + order. That's a pretty tall list, which is why it typically doesn't happen.

[–] rah@feddit.uk 0 points 1 year ago

Pre-civilized societies didn’t let power-hungry individuals take over.

Pre-civilized societies were small.

The real question isn't whether bad actors exist. It's how we choose to deal with them. Do we build systems that make it harder for them to dominate others, or ones that practically roll out the red carpet?

This seems like a misunderstanding to me. The people don't build systems. The people are subjected to systems built by dominating bad actors.

[–] Asswardbackaddict@lemmy.world 0 points 1 year ago

Man, people are so fatalistic and utopian in their world views. The fact is that we are beautiful, wretched, capable creatures, and life is a fight. People are gonna beat you down, and the world is gonna shit all over you. Whether we're watching people do their fucking war games and playing monopoly with the world, we rise up and punch a bitch in the face when he fucks with us. Anarchism is a way of being, and we're clever as fuck. We're gonna work this shit out and jump over hurdles and get into ugly arguments and love our family right. We can convolute this shit and try to work out the fantasy worlds we would love to live in - at the end of the day, we try to fill our bellies and be loved. And 9 times out of ten, you're not arguing with the world, you're failing to confront yourself. How do prevent hierarchy? We fucking stand up to bullies, protect ourselves, and treat our women right. Feel me?

[–] phneutral@feddit.org 0 points 1 year ago

I‘m currently reading David Graeber and David Wengrow: The Dawn of Everything.

It dives deeper into the history of the misconceptions of power.

[–] Olgratin_Magmatoe@slrpnk.net 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (6 children)

Exile, public shaming, revocable leadership, and distributed decision-making all worked and often worked better than what we do now. Pre-civilized societies didn’t let power-hungry individuals take over. They stopped them.

I'll grant that it worked in the past. However we live in a post-truth world now. How do we know such a system could survive that?

Any new system will need to be able to survive the inertia of tribalism from the previous system.

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