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Best practice for resetting a user's MFA? (startrek.website)
submitted 5 months ago* (last edited 5 months ago) by IcedRaktajino@startrek.website to c/webdev@programming.dev
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I'm putting together an API for a project, and one of the requirements is MFA. I'm using TOTP and that all works. I also have facilities to clear the MFA token and regenerate / re-enroll the secret, but I'm wondering what the best practice is for invoking that.

Essentially I need a "forgot password" but for their MFA method (e.g. if they lose their phone or MFA secret).

Would a valid password + validation email be sufficient? Or should I require the user to contact the administrators to reset the MFA? Or something else?

Implementation Notes:

  • MFA is required for a password reset, so if their email is compromised, the attacker wouldn't necessarily be able to set a new password
  • A valid email address is required and verified at signup.
  • If they lose access to their email and MFA, they will have to contact the application administrators for assistance.
  • This isn't a "high stakes" application (e.g not banking, healthcare, etc) but I do want to make sure accounts are reasonably secure.
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[–] slazer2au@lemmy.world 0 points 5 months ago (1 children)

Have you thought about TOPT recovery codes?

When a user activates totp you show a list of 6-8 codes they can use to access the account. Just make sure the recovery code only works one time.

[–] IcedRaktajino@startrek.website 0 points 5 months ago

I thought about generating a list of backup codes during the onboarding process but ruled it out because I know for a fact that people will not hold on to them.

That's why I'm leaning more toward, and soliciting feedback for, some method of automated recovery (email token + TOTP for password resets, email token + password for MFA resets, etc). I'm trying to also avoid using security questions but haven't closed that door entirely.

[–] Penguincoder@beehaw.org 0 points 5 months ago

There's a really nice high level overview of TOP/MFA by OWASP

They say:

There is no definitive "best way" to do this, and what is appropriate will vary hugely based on the security of the application, and also the level of control over the users. Solutions that work for a corporate application where all the staff know each other are unlikely to be feasible for a publicly available application with thousands of users all over the world. Every recovery method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and these need to be evaluated in the context of the application.

Some suggestions of possible methods include:

  • Providing the user with a number of single-use recovery codes when they first setup MFA.
  • Requiring the user to setup multiple types of MFA (such as a digital certificate, OTP core and phone number for SMS), so that they are unlikely to lose access to all of them at once.
  • Mailing a one-use recovery code (or new hardware token) to the user's registered address.
  • Requiring the user contact the support team and having a rigorous process in place to verify their identity.
  • Requiring another trusted user to vouch for them.

The most important thing I think is, the MFA reset should have a different method and flow than the password reset option. Figure if an attacker attempts the 'forgot password' method, it's assumed they have access to the users email. Therefore, you don't want to send a 'reset MFA' in the same manner. The password recovery flow should be separate to the MFA recovery flow by using some form of out-of-band verification such as sending a password reset link within a "forgotten password email" containing a randomly generated and unique token that allows the user to reset the password only. The MFA recovery flow should work in a different manner. If you are offering TOTP only, I suggest offering a fallback method in place such as a list of "backup codes" of valid OTPs that the user needs to keep safe, and is obtained when first enrolling in MFA, or otherwise an OTP sent via SMS with a short expiration time. Ask for the TOTP while entering a new password. The reset link would be useless for the attacker.